This book is a collection of 16 articles on the 2020 Karabakh War, the diplomacy leading up to it, geopolitics, entrenched notions, the arms race and military reforms or lack thereof, and social and domestic political developments in Armenia and Azerbaijan. 17 Armenian and foreign authors examine Armenia’s defeat in the 2020 war, the events and developments that preceded it.  The research and publication of this book was funded by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.